As I am new here also I can only answer one of your questions. We picked up a 15x42 last month and have a good experience with it. I too made the mistake of thinking that close was good enough on level DOH!.
But on to your question on the pump. I went up to a 1500gph (model 635) for a few reasons.
Almost %50 increase in capacity.
On/off switch (trivial, but much nicer than having to unplug/plug.)
Plunger valves! (this was a HUGE improvement over those black plugs, checking the filter take no time now)
The only downsides are you are still limited by the 1 1/4 fittings on the pool so you can't use the big strainers that came with the 1500 gph pump. Not a big deal, but I would have like to be able to go to the 1 1/2 fittings.
The adapters are part#10722 and are <$2.00
I see that you already have the automatic skimmer. What a huge difference this made for us. Our pool did not come with it and my wife had been hand skimming. We liked that vacuum that came with the Intex Deluxe maint set so we order one at the same time we got the 635 pump. When I first installed it (before I turned it on) my wife was poking fun at it, that is until I turned it on and it started sucking all that junk that she spent a ton of time everyday on hand skimming was being sucked away. That alone was worth the money for the kit! The main reason we got the kit was the vacuum. This is a true filtered vacuum, not one of those water swirl/leave deals. Worked great and only took about 20 minutes to do a pretty nasty bottom. I have not ever used the automatics as my previous experience pool maintenance was as a kid in FL forced to do pool duty on a big inground for years. The automatic costs in those years made it a pipe dream for me But then again that was how many decades ago. It looks like the costs have come down a great deal, but I have not had a chance to look into them yet.
On the floater. We had used a floater when we lived in another state without a problem. We just had to run the filter whenever the floater was in the pool. Since we have moved to TN we have not been able to get the Triclor tablets to dissolve. I even drill the floater to look like swiss cheese to get more flow, but nothing. I did not know about the different types of chlorine and blindly pciked up the only granular they I could find at the time. Turned out to be Calcium Hypochlorite. A couple of weeks later I had a pool full of milk. Took me a couple of days of research to figure out by trying to shock the murkiness out of the water we were through more and more calcium into the water making the cloudiness worse. Once we shifted to the Dichlor things got better. Well better after $25 in filters to finally get the slimy white goo out of the water. Morale of my long winded story, know what kind of chlorine you want to use. Someone with the need to added Ca might go with the Calcium Hypochlorite. But for most the Triclor might be best ( I just cant seem to get it to dissolve). Also the different types have different effects on ph levels.
Oh well, that pretty much a brain dump of what we have learned in this last month of dealing with this over the first month with the pool. It has definitely been worth the time and money as the kids spend almost every waking moment in the thing.
Enjoy your new pool!