So an update, but still no solution. The spa pack woke up without the in.therm heater unit plugged in. I attempted to put it into learning mode and while it started a scan, I promptly got the RH-NC error. Which makes sense because the heater was not plugged in, but at least it told me the heater was the problem. Consequently, testing this by plugging the heater back in would immediately make the spa pack go unresponsive upon power up. The topside keypad was definitely bad as well. Ordered replacement in.therm heater and in.k600 keypad and installed.
Now I'm getting the SP-IN error, which is insufficient voltage. Strange to say the least, L1 to N & G is 123V, L2 to N & G is 124V, and L1 to L2 is as expected, 246V. I tried bypassing the underground line between the box and the spa by temporarily running an external cable straight to the spa pack and using a non-GFCI breaker, but still got the SP-IN error. I even physically traced the line from the main circuit breaker box in the attic to the outside breaker box and there is nothing amiss there either. The connections in the main breaker box are all correct and tight as well.
I've seen a couple of other, older threads with this same problem but it doesn't look like any solutions were ever posted. My next step is to ditch the obsolete in.xm system and upgrade to the in.yt-7, which is going to take some re-wiring and re-plumbing. It's either that or discard the whole spa, which seems like a real shame since most everything else is in pretty decent shape and a new spa is cost prohibitive at this point.
I came across a seller on eBay that has been extremely knowledgeable and super helpful, but figured I'd try one more time on here for any thoughts from the collective knowledge base. Thanks!