I had to put an LED flashlight under the board to actually see how hot it got. From looking at D3 and the colorization, it looks like it got hot. Also the trace between D7 and R32 is darker, same as mine, probably due to overcurrent in that area.
You can see on your board D7 has taken some damage. I am replacing D7 and D3 on my board. I also checked the 2 resistors that were darkened but they both checkout out at 150 ohms which matches their code. This area must have something to do with the sensor circuit for readings/comparisons between the sensors for checking for flow.
If you look on the back of the board in that area, you will probably see where D3 got really hot and made a square mark due to heat on the board.
I have read this can be caused by a stuck heater relay, causing resistance in the temperature sensors to drastically reduce, which can cause overcurrent in the sensor circuit when the temperature stays too hot for too long. Might be a good idea to verify heater relays as well.