I think that the idea is that the calcium carbonate would be converted to highly soluble calcium hydrogen carbonate like in this equation: CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 <> Ca(HCO3)2 which would have less of a chance to react with the metals in the cell than using acid. If most of the CO2 reacted with the calcium carbonate rather than with the water, then the pH would not drop as much as when using acid.
For example: If half of the carbon dioxide reacted with the calcium carbonate to form calcium bicarbonate and the other half of the carbon dioxide lowers the pH forming an acid, then one third of the acid would be neutralized by the bicarbonate, one third would dissolve more of the remaining calcium carbonate and one third would be available to react with the titanium alloy.
In addition, I think that the high chloride levels provided by using muriatic acid would exacerbate the corrosion of metal in an acid solution.